Pre-Spanish Period- Period of Enlightenment

PRE-SPANISH PERIOD

Legends- origin of a thing, place, location or name

Folk Tales- made up of stories about life, adventure, love, horror where one can derive lessons about life

Epic- long narrative poems in which a series of heroic achievements or events

Folk Songs- oldest form of Philippine Literature that emerged in Pre-Spanish Period; 12 syllables

Examples of Folk Songs:

                Kundiman ----- song of Love

                Kumintang o Tagumpay ----- War song

                Ang Dalit o Imno ----- song to the God of Visayans

                Ang Oyayi o Hele ----- Lullaby

                Diana ----- Wedding song

                Soliraning ----- song of the Laborer

                Talindaw ----- Boatman’s song

Epigrams (Salawikain)- allegories or parables that impart lessons for young

Riddles (Bugtong)- made up of one or more  measured lines with rhyme; 4-12 syllables

Chant (Bulong)- used in witchcraft or enchantment

Maxims- rhyming couplets with verses of 5, 6 or 8 syllables; each line having the same syllables

Sayings- used in teasing or o comment on a person’s actuations

Sawikain- sayings with no hidden meanings

SPANISH PERIOD (1565-1898)

Influences:

*First Filipino ALIBATA was replaced by ROMAN ALPHABET.

*Teaching of CHRISTIAN DOCTRINE.

*SPANISH LANGUAGE is the LITERARY LANGUAGE.

*EUROPEAN LEGENDS AND TRADITIONS brought here and assimilated in our song MORO-MORO and CORRIDOS.

*ANCIENT LITERATURE was translated to TAGALOG and other dialect.

*Many grammar books are printed in Filipinos like TAGALOG, ILOCANO and VISAYANS.

*Our PERIODICALS gained RELIGIOUS TONE.

THE FIRST BOOKS

Ang Doctrina Cristiana- first book printed in the Philippines and translated by Tomas Pinpin in 1593

Nuestras Señora del Rosario- second book written by Blancas de San Jose in 1602 helped printing  by Juan de Vera

Libro delos Cuatro Postprimeras de Hombre- first book printed in typography

Ang Barlaan at Josephat- biblical story printed in the Philippines and translated from tagalog to Greek by Fr. Antonio de Borja;-first tagalog novel in the Philippines

Pasion- life and sufferings of Jesus Christ

Versions of Pasion:

de Belen Version (Gaspar Aquino de Belen of Batangas in 1704)

de Guia Version (Luis de Guia in 1750)

Pilapil Version (Mariano Pilapil of Bulacan in 1814)

de la Merced Version (Aniceto  de la Merced in Norzagaray Bulacan in 1856)

Dialect used in Pasion:

Ilokano, Ibanag, Pampango, Bicol, and Visayan

Urbana at Felisa- book by Modesto de Castro, father of Prose

Psalms of Mary- praising the virgin Mary; used in “Flores de Mayo”; wrote by Fr. Mariano Sevilla in 1865

Art and Rules of the Tagalog Language- Fr. Blancas de San Jose and translated by Tomas Pinpin in 1610

Understanding the Tagalog Language- Fr. Gaspar de San Jose in 1703

Tagalog Vocabulary- Fr. Pedro de San Buenaventura in 1613

Pampango Vocabulary- Fr. Diego in 1732

Bisayan Vocabulary- Mateo Sanchez in 1711

The Art of the Ilocano Language- by Francisco Lopez

The Art of the Bicol Language- by Marcos Lisbon in 1754

Other samples of Folk Songs:

Leron-leron Sinta ----- Tagalog
Pamulinawen ----- Iloko
Dandansoy ----- Bisaya
Sarong Banggi ----- Bicol
Atin Cu Pung Singsing -----Kapmapangan

Tibag- means to excavate, remind the people about the search of St. Helena for the cross which  Jesus died

Lagaylay- Pilareños of Sorsogon in Maytime; ladies are chosen

Cenaculo- dramatic performance to commemorate the passion and death of Christ

Cenaculo

Types of Cenaculo:

1. Cantada- chanted like Pasion

2. Hablada- the lines are spoken in a more deliberate manner

Panuluyan- presented before 12:00 on Christmas eve

The Salubong- easter play that dramatizes the meeting of the risen Christ and His mother

Shadow Play- performed in a moonless night during a town fiesta or on a dark night after harvest

Zarzuela- father of the drama; musical comedy or  melodrama in three acts which dealt with man’s passion and emotions

Sainete- short musical comedy popular during the 18^th century; exaggerated comedy shown between acts of long plays

Moro-moro- entertain people and remind them of their Christian; Christian princess or a noble’s daughter who        is captured by Mohammedans

Karagatan- princess who dropped her ring into the sea

Duplo- roles are taken from the bible and from proverbs and sayings; played during wakes of the dead

Balagtasan- a contest of skills in debate; honor Francisco “Balagtas” Baltazar

Francisco "Balagtas" Baltazar

Dung-aw- chant is free verse by a bereaved person; no definite meter or rhyming scheme is used

Awit and Corrido- narrative poetry

DIFFERENCE OF AWIT AND CORRIDO

AWIT                                     

*octosyllabic verse              

*legends or stories of European              

 *refers to narration          

CORRIDO

*dodecasyllabic verse
*stories from writer’s imagination although characters and setting is European
  *refers to chanting


PERIOD OF ENLIGHTENMENT (1872-1898)

Propaganda Movement- spear-hearted mostly by the intellectual middle-class like JOSE RIZAL, MARCELO DEL PILAR, GRACIANO LOPEZ JAENA, ANTONIO LUNA, MARIANO PONCE, JOSE MA. PANGANIBAN, and PEDRO PATERNO.               

Objectives:

*To get equal treatment for the Filipinos and the Spaniards under the law.

*To make the Philippines a colony of Spain.

*To restore Filipino representation of the Spanish Cortes.

*To Filipinize the parishes.

*To give the Filipinos freedom of speech, of the press, assembly and for redress of grievances.

Dr. Jose P. Rizal

Jose Protacio Rizal Mercado Alonzo y Realonda

- Jose Protacio Rizal Mercado Alonzo y Realonda

- born on June 19, 1861 at Calamba, Laguna

- first teacher was her mother Teodora Alonzo

- studied ADMU, medicine at UST and finished at Universidad Central of Madrid

- other schools are University of Berlin, Leipzig and Heidelberg

- died by musketry in the hands of Spaniards on December 30, 1896

Books and Writings:

1. Noli Me Tangere

2. El Filibusterismo

3. Mi Ultimo Adios

4. . To the Filipino Youth

5. . Beside the Pasig River

6 You Asked Me for Verses

7. The Council of the Gods

8 On the Indolence of the Filipinos

9. The Philippines within a Century

10. Diary of a Voyage to North America

11. P.Jacinto: Memoirs of a Student of Manila

12. Notes on the Philippine Events by Dr. Antonio de  Morga

Marcelo Hilario del Pilar y Gatmaitán

Marcelo H. del Pilar

- known as Plaridel, Pupdoh, Piping Dilat and Dolores Manapat

Writings:

1. Be Careful

2. God’s Goodness

3. Prayers and jokes

4. Love of Country

5. Por Telefono

6. Sovereignity in the Philippines

7. . Answer to Spain on the Plea of the Filipinos

8 Passion that Should arouse the hearts of the readers

9. A poetical contest in narrative sequence, psalms, riddles

Graciano Lopez Jaena

Graciano Lopez Jaena

- most notable and genius of the Philippines

- born on December 18, 1896

- died on January 20, 1896

- pride of Jaro, Iloilo

- wrote 100 speeches which published by Remigio Garcia

- former bookstore owner of Manila Filatica

Writings:

1. Friar Botod

2. The Child of the Friar

3. Everything is Hambug

4. Sa mga Filipino 1891

5. Sufferings of the Philippines

6. An Oration to Commerate Columbus

7. Abolition of Taxes in the Philippines

8. El Bandolerismo en Pilipinas

9. Honor in the Philippines

10. Love for Spain or to the Youth of Malolos

11. En Honor del Artistas Luna y Resurreccion Hidalgo 1884

12. En Honor del Presidente Morayta de la Assocacion Hispano Filipino

Antonio Luna de San Pedroy Novicio-Ancheta

Antonio Luna

- known as Tagailog

- a pharmacist who banished by the Spaniards to Spain

Writings:

1. Christmas Eve

2. Sa Devierten

3. For Madrid

4. The Landlady’s House

5. A Filipino Conference or Feast

Mariano Ponce

Mariano Ponce

- known as Tikbalang, Kalipulako and Naning

- became an editor-in-chief, biographer and researcher of the Propaganda    Movement

- values of Education

Writings:

1. About the Filipinos

2. The Filipinos in Indo-China

3. Mga Alamat ng Bulacan

4. The Beheading of Longinus

Pedro Alejandro Paterno y de Vera Ignacio

Pedro Paterno

- sholar, dramatic, researcher and novelist of the Propaganda Movement

Writings:

1. Ninay

2. To My Mother

3. Sampaguitas and Varied Poems

Jose Ma. Panganiban

- known as JOMAPA

- has a photographic mind

Writings:

1. My Life

2. My Native Land

3. The Thinking

4. Your Study Plan

PERIOD OF ACTIVE REVOLUTION (1896-1898)

La Liga Filipina- civic organization suspected of being revolutionary and triggered Rizal’s banishment to Dapitan

ANDRES BONIFACIO, EMILIO JACINTO, APOLINARIO MABINI, JOSE PALMA and PIO VALENZUELA

Andrés Bonifacio y de Castro

Andres Bonifacio

- father of Filipino Democracy

- father of Katipunan (KKK)

Writings:

1. Last Farewell

2. Love of One’s Native Land

3. What the Tagalog Should Know

4. Obligations of Our Countrymen

Emilio Jacinto y Dizon

Emilio Jacinto

- intelligent assistant of Andres Bonifacio

- brains of the Katipunan

Writings:

1. To My Mother

2. To My Country

3. Light and Darkness

4. Kartilya ng Katipunan

Apolinario Mabini y Maranan

Apolinario Mabini

- literature and history as the sublime Paralytic

- brains of the Revolution

Writings:

1. News

2. To the Filipino Nation

3. The True Decalogue or Ten Commandments

4. The Rise and Fall                                                                               of the Philippine Republic

Jose Palma

- popular because of Himno Nacional Filipino (Philippine National Anthem) by Julian Felipe

Works:

1. Melancholies

2. In My Garden

NEWSPAPER DURING REVOLUTION

1. Heraldo de la Revolucion

                - printed the decrees of the Revolutionary    Government

2  La Independecia (Independence)

                - by Antonio Luna

3. La Republica Pilipina (The Philippine Republic)

                - by Pedro Paterno in 1898

4. La Libertad (Liberty)

                - by Clemente Zulueta