PRE-SPANISH PERIOD
Legends- origin of a thing, place, location
or name
Folk Tales- made up of stories about life, adventure, love, horror where one can derive lessons about life
Epic- long narrative poems in which a series of heroic achievements or events
Folk Songs- oldest form of Philippine Literature that emerged in Pre-Spanish Period; 12 syllables
Examples of Folk Songs:
Kundiman
----- song of Love
Kumintang
o Tagumpay ----- War song
Ang
Dalit o Imno ----- song to the God of Visayans
Ang
Oyayi o Hele ----- Lullaby
Diana
----- Wedding song
Soliraning
----- song of the Laborer
Talindaw
----- Boatman’s song
Epigrams (Salawikain)- allegories or parables that impart lessons for young
Riddles (Bugtong)- made up of one or
more measured lines with rhyme; 4-12
syllables
Chant (Bulong)- used in witchcraft or enchantment
Maxims- rhyming couplets with verses of 5, 6
or 8 syllables; each line having the
same syllables
Sayings- used in teasing or o comment on a
person’s actuations
Sawikain- sayings with no hidden meanings
SPANISH PERIOD (1565-1898)
Influences:
*First Filipino ALIBATA was
replaced by ROMAN ALPHABET.
*Teaching of CHRISTIAN DOCTRINE.
*SPANISH LANGUAGE is the LITERARY
LANGUAGE.
*EUROPEAN LEGENDS AND TRADITIONS
brought here and assimilated in our song MORO-MORO and CORRIDOS.
*ANCIENT LITERATURE was
translated to TAGALOG and other dialect.
*Many grammar books are printed in
Filipinos like TAGALOG, ILOCANO and VISAYANS.
*Our PERIODICALS gained RELIGIOUS
TONE.
THE FIRST BOOKS
Ang Doctrina Cristiana- first book printed in the Philippines and translated by Tomas
Pinpin in 1593
Libro delos Cuatro Postprimeras de Hombre- first book printed in typography
Ang Barlaan at Josephat- biblical story printed in the Philippines and translated from tagalog to Greek by Fr. Antonio de Borja;-first tagalog novel in
the Philippines
Pasion- life and sufferings of Jesus Christ
Versions of Pasion:
de Belen Version (Gaspar Aquino de Belen of Batangas in 1704)
de Guia Version (Luis de Guia in 1750)
Pilapil Version (Mariano Pilapil of Bulacan in 1814)
de la Merced Version (Aniceto de la Merced in Norzagaray Bulacan in 1856)
Dialect used in Pasion:
Ilokano, Ibanag, Pampango, Bicol,
and Visayan
Urbana at Felisa- book by Modesto de Castro, father of Prose
Psalms of Mary- praising the virgin Mary; used in “Flores de Mayo”; wrote by Fr. Mariano
Sevilla in 1865
Art and Rules of the Tagalog Language- Fr. Blancas de San Jose and translated by Tomas Pinpin in 1610
Understanding the Tagalog Language- Fr. Gaspar de San Jose in 1703
Tagalog Vocabulary- Fr. Pedro de San Buenaventura in 1613
Pampango Vocabulary- Fr. Diego in 1732
Bisayan Vocabulary- Mateo Sanchez in 1711
The Art of the Ilocano Language- by Francisco Lopez
The Art of the Bicol Language- by Marcos Lisbon in 1754
Other samples of Folk Songs:
Leron-leron Sinta ----- Tagalog
Pamulinawen ----- Iloko
Dandansoy ----- Bisaya
Sarong Banggi ----- Bicol
Atin Cu Pung Singsing -----Kapmapangan
Pamulinawen ----- Iloko
Dandansoy ----- Bisaya
Sarong Banggi ----- Bicol
Atin Cu Pung Singsing -----Kapmapangan
Tibag- means to excavate, remind the people
about the search of St. Helena for the
cross which Jesus died
Lagaylay- Pilareños of Sorsogon in Maytime;
ladies are chosen
Cenaculo- dramatic performance to commemorate the passion and death of Christ
Cenaculo |
Types of Cenaculo:
1. Cantada- chanted like Pasion
2. Hablada- the lines are spoken in a more
deliberate manner
Panuluyan- presented before 12:00 on Christmas eve
The Salubong- easter play that dramatizes the meeting of the risen Christ and His
mother
Zarzuela- father of the drama; musical comedy or melodrama in three acts which
dealt with man’s passion and emotions
Sainete- short musical comedy popular during
the 18th century; exaggerated comedy shown
between acts of long plays
Moro-moro- entertain people and remind them of their Christian; Christian princess or a
noble’s daughter who is captured by
Mohammedans
Karagatan- princess who dropped her ring into
the sea
Duplo- roles are taken from the bible and
from proverbs and sayings;
played during wakes of the dead
Balagtasan- a contest of skills in debate; honor Francisco “Balagtas” Baltazar
Dung-aw- chant is free verse by a bereaved
person; no definite meter or rhyming
scheme is used
DIFFERENCE OF AWIT AND CORRIDO
AWIT
*octosyllabic verse
*legends or stories of European
*refers to narration
CORRIDO
*dodecasyllabic verse
*stories from writer’s imagination although characters and setting is European
*refers to chanting
PERIOD OF ENLIGHTENMENT (1872-1898)
*stories from writer’s imagination although characters and setting is European
*refers to chanting
PERIOD OF ENLIGHTENMENT (1872-1898)
Propaganda Movement- spear-hearted mostly by the
intellectual middle-class like JOSE RIZAL, MARCELO DEL PILAR, GRACIANO
LOPEZ JAENA, ANTONIO LUNA, MARIANO PONCE, JOSE MA. PANGANIBAN,
and PEDRO PATERNO.
Objectives:
*To get equal treatment for the
Filipinos and the Spaniards
under the law.
*To make the Philippines a colony
of Spain.
*To restore Filipino representation
of the Spanish Cortes.
*To Filipinize the parishes.
*To give the Filipinos freedom of
speech, of the press, assembly and for redress of grievances.
Dr. Jose P. Rizal
Jose Protacio Rizal Mercado Alonzo y Realonda |
- Jose Protacio Rizal Mercado
Alonzo y Realonda
- born on June 19, 1861 at Calamba,
Laguna
- first teacher was her mother Teodora
Alonzo
- studied ADMU, medicine at
UST and finished at Universidad Central of Madrid
- other schools are University of
Berlin, Leipzig and Heidelberg
- died by musketry in the hands of
Spaniards on December 30,
1896
Books and Writings:
1. Noli Me Tangere
2. El Filibusterismo
3. Mi Ultimo Adios
4. . To the Filipino Youth
5. . Beside the Pasig River
6 You Asked Me for Verses
7. The Council of the Gods
8 On the Indolence of the Filipinos
9. The Philippines within a Century
10. Diary of a Voyage to North America
11. P.Jacinto: Memoirs of a Student of
Manila
12. Notes on the Philippine Events by
Dr. Antonio de Morga
Marcelo Hilario del Pilar y Gatmaitán |
Marcelo H. del Pilar
- known as Plaridel, Pupdoh,
Piping Dilat and Dolores Manapat
Writings:
1. Be Careful
2. God’s Goodness
3. Prayers and jokes
4. Love of Country
5. Por Telefono
6. Sovereignity in the Philippines
7. . Answer to Spain on the Plea of
the Filipinos
8 Passion that Should arouse the
hearts of the readers
9. A poetical contest in narrative
sequence, psalms, riddles
Graciano Lopez Jaena |
Graciano Lopez Jaena
- most notable and genius of
the Philippines
- born on December 18, 1896
- died on January 20, 1896
- pride of Jaro, Iloilo
- wrote 100 speeches which
published by Remigio Garcia
- former bookstore owner of Manila
Filatica
Writings:
1. Friar Botod
2. The Child of the Friar
3. Everything is Hambug
4. Sa mga Filipino 1891
5. Sufferings of the Philippines
6. An Oration to Commerate Columbus
7. Abolition of Taxes in the
Philippines
8. El Bandolerismo en Pilipinas
9. Honor in the Philippines
10. Love for Spain or to the Youth of
Malolos
11. En Honor del Artistas Luna y
Resurreccion Hidalgo 1884
12. En Honor del Presidente Morayta de
la Assocacion Hispano Filipino
Antonio Luna de San Pedroy Novicio-Ancheta |
Antonio Luna
- known as Tagailog
- a pharmacist who banished by the
Spaniards to Spain
Writings:
1. Christmas Eve
2. Sa Devierten
3. For Madrid
4. The Landlady’s House
5. A Filipino Conference or Feast
Mariano Ponce |
Mariano Ponce
- known as Tikbalang, Kalipulako
and Naning
- became an editor-in-chief, biographer
and researcher of the Propaganda Movement
- values of Education
Writings:
1. About the Filipinos
2. The Filipinos in Indo-China
3. Mga Alamat ng Bulacan
4. The Beheading of Longinus
Pedro Alejandro Paterno y de Vera Ignacio |
Pedro Paterno
- sholar, dramatic, researcher
and novelist of the Propaganda Movement
Writings:
1. Ninay
2. To My Mother
3. Sampaguitas and Varied Poems
Jose Ma. Panganiban
- known as JOMAPA
- has a photographic mind
Writings:
1. My Life
2. My Native Land
3. The Thinking
4. Your Study Plan
PERIOD OF ACTIVE REVOLUTION
(1896-1898)
La Liga Filipina- civic organization suspected of
being revolutionary and triggered Rizal’s banishment to Dapitan
ANDRES BONIFACIO, EMILIO JACINTO, APOLINARIO
MABINI, JOSE PALMA and PIO VALENZUELA
Andrés Bonifacio y de Castro |
Andres Bonifacio
- father of Filipino Democracy
- father of Katipunan (KKK)
Writings:
1. Last Farewell
2. Love of One’s Native Land
3. What the Tagalog Should Know
4. Obligations of Our Countrymen
Emilio Jacinto y Dizon |
Emilio Jacinto
- intelligent assistant of Andres
Bonifacio
- brains of the Katipunan
Writings:
1. To My Mother
2. To My Country
3. Light and Darkness
4. Kartilya ng Katipunan
Apolinario Mabini y Maranan |
Apolinario Mabini
- literature and history as the
sublime Paralytic
- brains of the Revolution
Writings:
1. News
2. To the Filipino Nation
3. The True Decalogue or Ten
Commandments
4. The Rise and Fall of the Philippine
Republic
Jose Palma
- popular because of Himno Nacional
Filipino (Philippine National Anthem) by Julian Felipe
1. Melancholies
2. In My Garden
NEWSPAPER DURING REVOLUTION
1. Heraldo
de la Revolucion
-
printed the decrees of the Revolutionary Government
2
La Independecia (Independence)
-
by Antonio Luna
3. La
Republica Pilipina (The Philippine Republic)
-
by Pedro Paterno in 1898
4. La
Libertad (Liberty)
-
by Clemente Zulueta